Ingabe ububanzi obunwetshiwe bubuyela emuva?
Ngesonto eledlule, uHuawei Yu Chengdong engxoxweni wathi "akunangqondo ukusho ukuthi imoto yohlobo olunwetshiwe ayithuthukisiwe ngokwanele. Imodi yobubanzi obunwetshiwe iyona ndlela yemoto yamandla entsha efanelekile njengamanje."
Lesi sitatimende siphinde savusa ingxoxo eshubile phakathi kwemboni nabathengi mayelana nobuchwepheshe be-hybrid obungeziwe (ngemuva kwalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi inqubo eyandisiwe).Futhi inqwaba yabaphathi bamabhizinisi ezimoto, njenge-CEO efanelekile uLi Xiang, i-CEO ye-Weima u-Shen Hui, kanye ne-CEO ye-WeiPai uLi Ruifeng, baveze imibono yabo.
U-Li Ruifeng, oyi-CEO ye-Wei brand, ukhulume ngokuqondile no-Yu Chengdong ku-Weibo, ethi "kusadingeka kube nzima ukwenza insimbi, futhi kuwukuvumelana kwemboni ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe bokwengeza izinhlelo buhlehla."Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CEO ye-Wei brand ngokushesha yathenga i-M5 yokuhlola, yengeza elinye iphunga lesibhamu engxoxweni.
Eqinisweni, ngaphambi kwaleli gagasi lengxoxo mayelana "nokuthi ukunyuka kubuyela emuva", kuhle futhi abaphathi bakwaVolkswagen nabo babe "nengxoxo eshisayo" ngalolu daba.UFeng Sihan, oyi-CEO yakwaVolkswagen China, ukusho ngokungananazi ukuthi "uhlelo lokunyusa luyisixazululo esibi kakhulu."
Uma sibheka imakethe yezimoto yasekhaya eminyakeni yamuva nje, kungatholakala ukuthi izimoto ezintsha ngokuvamile zikhetha izinhlobo ezimbili zamandla obubanzi obunwetshiwe noma ugesi omsulwa, futhi azivamile ukuhileleka kumandla we-plug-in hybrid.Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinkampani zezimoto zendabuko, ngokuphambene nalokho, imikhiqizo yazo yamandla emisha iwugesi omsulwa noma i-plug-in hybrid, futhi "azinandaba" nobubanzi obunwetshiwe.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba ziya ngokwanda izimoto ezintsha ezisebenzisa uhlelo olunwetshiwe emakethe, nokuvela kwezimoto ezidumile njenge ekahle kanye ne-Enjie M5, uhla olunwetshiwe lwaziwa kancane kancane ngabathengi futhi seluphenduke uhlobo olujwayelekile emakethe. namuhla.
Ukwenyuka ngesivinini kwebanga elengeziwe kuzoba nomthelela ekuthengisweni kukaphethiloli kanye nezinhlobo eziyingxubevange zezinkampani zezimoto zesintu, okuwumsuka wengxabano phakathi kwezinkampani zezimoto zesintu ezibalwe ngenhla nezimoto ezisanda kwakhiwa.
Ngakho-ke, ingabe ububanzi obunwetshiwe bubuyela emuva?Uyini umehluko nge-plug-in?Kungani izimoto ezintsha zikhetha ibanga elide?Ngale mibuzo, u-Che Dongxi uthole izimpendulo ngemuva kocwaningo olunzulu lwemizila emibili yobuchwepheshe.
I-1, Ububanzi obunwetshiwe kanye nokuxuba kwe-plug-in kuyimpande efanayo, futhi isakhiwo sebanga esandisiwe silula
Ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngobubanzi obunwetshiwe kanye ne-plug-in hybrid, ake siqale sethule lawa mafomu amabili amandla.
Ngokombhalo ojwayelekile kazwelonke othi "igama lezimoto zikagesi" (gb/t 19596-2017), izimoto zikagesi zihlukaniswa ngezimoto zikagesi ezimsulwa (ngemuva kwalokhu okuzobizwa ngazo njengezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezingashisi) kanye nezimoto zikagesi eziyingxubevange (ngemuva kwalokhu ezibizwa ngokuthi izimoto zikagesi eziyingxubevange). ).
Imoto eyi-hybrid ingahlukaniswa ngochungechunge, i-parallel ne-hybrid ngokuya ngesakhiwo samandla.Phakathi kwazo, uhlobo lochungechunge lusho ukuthi amandla okushayela imoto avela emotweni kuphela;Uhlobo oluhambisanayo lusho ukuthi amandla okushayela emoto ahlinzekwa yinjini kanye nenjini ngesikhathi esisodwa noma ngokuhlukana;Uhlobo lwe-hybrid lusho izindlela ezimbili zokushayela zochungechunge / ezihambisanayo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
I-range extender iwuchungechunge oluxubile.Isandisi sebanga esakhiwe injini nejeneretha sishaja ibhethri, futhi ibhethri lishayela amasondo, noma isidlulisi sebanga sinikeza amandla enjini ngokuqondile ukushayela imoto.
Kodwa-ke, umqondo we-interpolation nokuxuba uyinkimbinkimbi.Mayelana nemoto kagesi, i-hybrid ingaphinda ihlukaniswe ibe yihybrid ekhokhiswa ngaphandle kanye nehybrid engakhokhiswa ngaphandle ngokuya ngamandla okushaja angaphandle.
Njengoba igama liphakamisa, inqobo nje uma kukhona imbobo yokushaja futhi ingakhokhiswa ngaphandle, iyihybrid ekhokhiswa ngaphandle, engabuye ibizwe ngokuthi "i-plug-in hybrid".Ngokwaleli zinga lokuhlukanisa, ububanzi obunwetshiwe luhlobo oluthile lokuhlanganisa nokuxuba.
Ngokufanayo, i-hybrid engakhokhiswa ngaphandle ayinayo imbobo yokushaja, ngakho ayikwazi ukushajwa ngaphandle.Ingashaja ibhethri kuphela ngenjini, ukutholwa kwamandla e-kinetic nezinye izindlela.
Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, uhlobo lwe-hybrid luhlukaniswa kakhulu ngesakhiwo samandla emakethe.Ngalesi sikhathi, i-plug-in hybrid system iyisistimu ye-hybrid hybrid parallel noma hybrid.Uma kuqhathaniswa nobubanzi obunwetshiwe (uhlobo lochungechunge), injini ye-plug-in hybrid (hybrid) ayikwazi nje ukunikeza amandla kagesi kumabhethri namamotho, kodwa futhi ishayela izimoto ngokuqondile ngokudluliswa kwe-hybrid (ECVT, DHT, njll.) futhi yakhe inhlanganisela phoqa ngemoto ukushayela izimoto.
Xhuma izinhlelo ezixubile ezifana nesistimu ye-hybrid lemon hybrid, isistimu ye-Geely Raytheon hybrid kanye ne-BYD DM-I zonke ziyizinhlelo ezixubile ezixubile.
Injini ku-range extender ayikwazi ukushayela imoto ngokuqondile.Kumelwe ikhiqize ugesi ngejeneretha, igcine ugesi ebhethrini noma iwunikeze ngqo enjinini.Injini, njengokuwukuphela komthombo wamandla okushayela kuyo yonke imoto, inikeza amandla emoto.
Ngakho-ke, izingxenye ezintathu ezinkulu zesistimu ye-extender ye-range - range extender, ibhethri kanye ne-motor azibandakanyi uxhumano lwemishini, kodwa zonke zixhunywe ngogesi, ngakho-ke isakhiwo sonke silula;Isakhiwo sohlelo lwe-plug-in hybrid luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, oludinga ukuhlangana phakathi kwezizinda ezihlukahlukene eziguquguqukayo ngokusebenzisa izakhi zemishini ezifana nebhokisi legiya.
Ngokuvamile, izingxenye eziningi zokudlulisela ngomshini ohlelweni oluyingxube zinezici zezithiyo zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme, umjikelezo omude wokufaka isicelo kanye nephuli yelungelo lobunikazi.Kusobala ukuthi izimoto ezintsha "ezifuna isivinini" azinaso isikhathi sokuqala ngamagiya.
Kodwa-ke, ezinkampanini zendabuko zezimoto zikaphethiloli, ukuhanjiswa ngomshini kungenye yamandla awo, futhi banokuqoqwa okujulile kobuchwepheshe kanye nolwazi lokukhiqiza ngobuningi.Lapho kufika igagasi lokufakwa kukagesi, kusobala ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi izinkampani zezimoto zendabuko ziyeke amashumi eminyaka noma amakhulu eminyaka yokuqongelela ubuchwepheshe bese ziqala futhi.
Phela, kunzima ukwenza i-U-turn enkulu.
Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo esilula esinwetshiwe sesiyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sezimoto ezintsha, futhi i-plug-in hybrid, engakwazi ukunikeza ukudlala okugcwele ekushiseni okungcolile kokudluliswa kwemishini nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, isibe yisinqumo sokuqala sokuguqulwa kwemishini. amabhizinisi ezimoto zendabuko.
2, Uhla olunwetshiwe lwaqala eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, futhi ibhethri yemoto yake yaba ibhodlela lokudonsa
Ngemva kokucacisa umehluko phakathi kwe-plug-in hybrid kanye nebanga elinwetshiwe, nokuthi kungani izimoto ezintsha ngokuvamile zikhetha ububanzi obunwetshiwe, izinkampani zezimoto zendabuko zikhetha i-plug-in hybrid.
Ngakho-ke kububanzi obunwetshiwe, ingabe isakhiwo esilula sisho ukubuyela emuva?
Okokuqala nje, ngokwesikhathi, ububanzi obunwetshiwe buwubuchwepheshe obubuyela emuva.
Umlando wobubanzi obunwetshiwe ungalandelelwa emuva ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, lapho uFerdinand Porsche, umsunguli wePorsche, akha uchungechunge lokuqala lwemoto eyi-hybrid lohner Porsche.
ILohner Porsche iyimoto kagesi.Kukhona ama-hub motors amabili ku-axle yangaphambili ukushayela imoto.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yebanga elifushane, uFerdinand Porsche ufake amajeneretha amabili ukuze athuthukise uhla lwemoto, olwakha uchungechunge lwe-hybrid system futhi lwaba ukhokho wokwanda kwebanga.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bebanga elide bukhona iminyaka engaphezu kwe-120, kungani bungazange buthuthuke ngokushesha?
Okokuqala, ohlelweni olunwetshiwe lwebanga, injini ukuphela komthombo wamandla esondweni, futhi idivayisi yobubanzi obunwetshiwe ingaqondwa njengegugu elikhulu lokushaja ilanga.Eyangaphambili ifaka amafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi futhi ikhipha amandla kagesi, kuyilapho yakamuva ifaka amandla elanga futhi ikhipha amandla kagesi.
Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi obalulekile we-extender yebanga ukuguqula uhlobo lwamandla, kuqala ukuguqula amandla ekhemikhali kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi abe amandla kagesi, bese uguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla e-kinetic ngokusebenzisa injini.
Ngokolwazi oluyisisekelo olungokwenyama, ukusetshenziswa okuthile kuzomele kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwamandla.Kuwo wonke amasistimu obubanzi obunwetshiwe, okungenani ukuguqulwa kwamandla okubili (amakhemikhali amandla kagesi amandla kinetic) kuyabandakanyeka, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kobubanzi obunwetshiwe kuphansi kakhulu.
Esikhathini sokuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwezimoto zikaphethiloli, izinkampani zezimoto zendabuko zigxile ekuthuthukiseni izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kuphethiloli kanye nama-gearbox anamandla amakhulu okuthutha.Ngaleso sikhathi, iyiphi inkampani eyayingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ngo-1%, noma isondele nakakhulu kuMklomelo KaNobel.
Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo samandla sebanga elinwetshiwe, elingakwazi ukuthuthukisa kodwa linciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, liye lashiywa futhi langanakwa yizinkampani eziningi zezimoto.
Okwesibili, ngaphezu kokusebenza kahle kwamandla aphansi, izinjini namabhethri nazo ziyizizathu ezimbili ezinkulu ezinciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kobubanzi obunwetshiwe.
Ohlelweni olunwetshiwe lwebanga, injini ukuphela komthombo wamandla emoto, kodwa eminyakeni engama-20 ~ 30 edlule, ubuchwepheshe bemoto yokushayela imoto babungakavuthwa, futhi izindleko zaziphezulu, umthamo wawumkhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, futhi amandla ayengakwazi. shayela imoto uwedwa.
Ngaleso sikhathi, isimo sebhethri sasifana nesenjini.Akukho ukuminyana kwamandla noma umthamo owodwa ongaqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bamanje bebhethri.Uma ufuna ukuba nomthamo omkhulu, udinga umthamo omkhulu, ozoletha izindleko ezibizayo kanye nesisindo semoto esindayo.
Cabanga nje ukuthi eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, uma ubuhlanganisa imoto yohlobo olunwetshiwe ngokwezinkomba ezintathu zikagesi zaleyo ekahle, izindleko bezizosuka ngqo.
Kodwa-ke, ububanzi obunwetshiwe buqhutshwa ngokuphelele yi-motor, futhi injini inezinzuzo zokungabi ne-torque hysteresis, ethule njalonjalo.Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthandwa kwebanga elinwetshiwe emkhakheni wezimoto zabagibeli, lalisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni nasemikhumbini enjengamathangi, izimoto ezinkulu zezimayini, imikhumbi-ngwenya, engezwani nezindleko nevolumu, futhi inezidingo eziphakeme zamandla, ukuthula. , i-torque esheshayo, njll.
Sengiphetha, akukhona okungenangqondo ukuthi i-CEO ye-Wei Pai ne-Volkswagen ithi ububanzi obunwetshiwe ubuchwepheshe obubuyela emuva.Esikhathini sokuchuma kwezimoto zikaphethiloli, ibanga elinwetshiwe elinezindleko eziphakeme kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphansi kuwubuchwepheshe obubuyela emuva.IVolkswagen kanye nodonga olukhulu (i-Wei brand) nazo ziyizinhlobo ezimbili zendabuko ezikhule ngesikhathi sikaphethiloli.
Isikhathi sesifikile manje.Nakuba ngokomthetho, alukho ushintsho lwekhwalithi phakathi kobuchwepheshe bamanje obunwetshiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bebanga elinwetshiwe eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-100 edlule, lusaluliwe ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi, izimoto ezishayelwa yizimoto, ezisengabizwa ngokuthi "ubuchwepheshe basemuva".
Nokho, ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka, ubuchwepheshe obunwetshiwe bufike ekugcineni.Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bezimoto nebhethri, ama-mops amabili okuqala asephenduke ukuncintisana kwawo okubaluleke kakhulu, asula ububi bebanga elinwetshiwe esikhathini sikaphethiloli futhi aqala ukulimaza imakethe kaphethiloli.
3, Ukuxuba okukhethiwe kwe-plug-in ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza zasemadolobheni kanye nezimo ezinwetshiwe zokusebenza ezinesivinini esikhulu
Kubathengi abanandaba noma i-extended range iwubuchwepheshe obubuyela emuva kodwa obuyonga uphethiloli futhi obunethezekile ukushayela.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-range extender iyisakhiwo sochungechunge.I-range extender ayikwazi ukushayela imoto ngokuqondile, futhi wonke amandla avela kumotho.
Ngakho-ke, lokhu kwenza izimoto ezinohlelo olunwetshiwe zibe nesipiliyoni sokushayela esifanayo nezici zokushayela njengama-tram ahlanzekile.Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ububanzi obunwetshiwe bubuye bufane nogesi omsulwa - ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi ngaphansi kwezimo zasemadolobheni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu ngaphansi kwezimo zesivinini esikhulu.
Ikakhulukazi, ngenxa yokuthi isendisi sobubanzi sishaja ibhethri kuphela noma sinikeza amandla enjini, isendisi sobubanzi singanakekelwa ebangeni elilinganiselwe lejubane eliyongayo isikhathi esiningi.Ngisho nakwimodi ehlanzekile kagesi ebaluleke kakhulu (kuqala kusetshenziswa amandla ebhethri), isandisi sebanga asikwazi ngisho nokuqala, noma ukukhiqiza ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.Kodwa-ke, injini yemoto kaphethiloli ayikwazi njalo ukusebenza ebangeni lejubane elingashintshi.Uma udinga ukudlula futhi usheshise, udinga ukukhuphula isivinini, futhi uma ubambeke esiminyaminyeni sezimoto, uzongenzi lutho isikhathi eside.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokushayela, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla (ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli) kobubanzi obunwetshiwe emigwaqweni yasemadolobheni enesivinini esiphansi ngokuvamile kuphansi kunaleyo yezimoto zikaphethiloli ezifakwe injini efanayo yokugudluza.
Kodwa-ke, njengogesi omsulwa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngaphansi kwezimo zejubane eliphezulu kuphakeme kunalokho ngaphansi kwezimo zejubane eliphansi;Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezimoto zikaphethiloli ngaphansi kwezimo zejubane eliphezulu kuphansi kunalokho ngaphansi kwezimo zasemadolobheni.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza zejubane eliphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemoto kuphakeme, amandla ebhethri azosetshenziswa ngokushesha, futhi i-extender range izodinga ukusebenza "kumthwalo ogcwele" isikhathi eside.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuba khona kwamaphakethe ebhethri, isisindo semoto yezimoto zohlobo olunwetshiwe ezinosayizi ofanayo ngokuvamile sikhulu kunesezimoto zikaphethiloli.
Izimoto zikaphethiloli ziyahlomula ngokuba khona kuka-gearbox.Ngaphansi kwezimo zesivinini esikhulu, imoto ingakhuphukela egiyeni eliphezulu, ukuze injini ibe nesivinini somnotho, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphansi.
Ngakho-ke, uma sikhuluma nje, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ebangeni elinwetshiwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezinesivinini esikhulu kucishe kufane nokwezimoto zikaphethiloli ezinenjini efanayo yokugudluza, noma ngisho nangaphezulu.
Ngemva kokukhuluma ngezici zokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwebanga elinwetshiwe kanye nophethiloli, ingabe bukhona ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe obungahlanganisa izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amandla anesivinini esiphansi sezimoto ezihlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okunesivinini esiphansi sezimoto zikaphethiloli, futhi kungaba nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ukonga okwengeziwe ebangeni lejubane elibanzi?
Impendulo ithi yebo, okungukuthi, hlanganisa.
Ngamafuphi, i-plug-in hybrid system ilula kakhulu.Uma kuqhathaniswa nobubanzi obunwetshiwe, eyokuqala ingashayela imoto ngokuqondile nenjini ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza zejubane eliphezulu;Uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli, ukuxutshwa kwe-plug-in nakho kungafana nobubanzi obunwetshiwe.Injini inikeza amandla enjini futhi ishayela imoto.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-plug-in hybrid system iphinde ibe nama-hybrid transmissions (ECVT, DHT), okwenza amandla afanele enjini nenjini afinyelele "ukuhlanganiswa" ukuze abhekane nokusheshisa okusheshayo noma isidingo esikhulu samandla.
Kodwa njengoba isisho sisho, ungathola okuthile kuphela uma uyeka.
Ngenxa yobukhona bomshini wokudlulisa ngomshini, ukwakheka kokuxutshwa kwe-plug-in kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi umthamo mkhulu kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwe-plug-in hybrid kanye namamodeli ebanga anwetshiwe zeleveli efanayo, umthamo webhethri wemodeli yebanga elinwetshiwe makhulu kunalowo wemodeli ye-plug-in hybrid, engaletha nobubanzi obude obumsulwa bukagesi.Uma indawo yemoto ihamba endaweni yasedolobheni kuphela, ibanga elinwetshiwe lingakhokhiswa ngaphandle kokugcwalisa uphethiloli.
Isibonelo, amandla ebhethri ka-2021 ekahle ngu-40.5kwh, kanti i-electric endurance mileage ye-NEDC ingu-188km.Umthamo webhethri le-Mercedes Benz gle 350 e (plug-in hybrid version) kanye neBMW X5 xdrive45e (plug-in hybrid version) eduze nosayizi wayo ingu-31.2kwh no-24kwh kuphela, kanti i-electric endurance mileage yeNEDC ingu-103km kuphela futhi 85km.
Isizathu sokuthi kungani imodeli ye-DM-I ye-BYD idume kangaka okwamanje ingxenye enkulu ngenxa yokuthi umthamo webhethri wemodeli yangaphambili makhulu kunalowo wemodeli ye-DM endala, futhi wedlula ngisho owemodeli yobubanzi obunwetshiwe yezinga elifanayo.Ukuya emsebenzini emadolobheni kungafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa ugesi kuphela kungabikho uwoyela, futhi izindleko zokusebenzisa izimoto zizoncishiswa ngokufanele.
Ukufingqa, ezimotweni ezisanda kwakhiwa, i-plug-in hybrid (hybrid) enesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana ayidingi nje kuphela umjikelezo omude wocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa, kodwa futhi nenani elikhulu lokuhlolwa kokwethembeka kulo lonke uhlelo lwe-plug-in hybrid. ngokusobala ayisheshi ngesikhathi.
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwebhethri kanye nobuchwepheshe bezimoto, ukunwetshwa kobubanzi ngesakhiwo esilula kuye kwaba "isinqamuleli" sezimoto ezintsha, okudlula ngokuqondile ingxenye yamandla enzima kakhulu yokwakha imoto.
Kodwa ngenxa yoshintsho olusha lwamandla ezinkampani zezimoto zendabuko, kusobala ukuthi azifuni ukuyeka amandla, ukuthutha nezinye izinhlelo ezitshale amandla iminyaka eminingi (izinsiza zabantu nezezimali) ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, bese ziqala ukunwaya.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Hybrid, njenge-plug-in hybrid, obungakwazi kuphela ukunikeza ukudlala okuphelele ekushiseni kwemfucumfucu yezingxenye zemoto kaphethiloli njengenjini kanye nebhokisi legiya, kodwa futhi kunciphise kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, sekuyisinqumo esivamile sezinkampani zezimoto zendabuko ekhaya futhi. phesheya.
Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-plug-in hybrid noma ububanzi obunwetshiwe, empeleni iwuhlelo lwenzuzo esikhathini sokuvinjelwa sobuchwepheshe bamanje bebhethri.Lapho izinkinga zebanga lebhethri nokusebenza kahle kokugcwalisa amandla zixazululwa ngokuphelele esikhathini esizayo, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuzosulwa ngokuphelele.Ubuchwepheshe be-Hybrid njengobubanzi obunwetshiwe kanye ne-plug-in hybrid ingase ibe imodi yamandla yezisetshenziswa ezimbalwa ezikhethekile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-19-2022