Ngokusho kwezindaba ezivela eChina Singapore Jingwei, ngomhlaka-6, uMnyango Wokukhangisa weKomidi Elikhulu le-CPC ubambe umhlangano nabezindaba "ngokusebenzisa isu lentuthuko eliqhutshwa emisha kanye nokwakha izwe eliqinile ngesayensi nobuchwepheshe". Ngokusho kukaWangzhigang, uNgqongqoshe wezesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukukhiqizwa nokudayiswa kwezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla eChina kukleliswe endaweni yokuqala emhlabeni iminyaka eyisikhombisa ilandelana.
U-Wangzhigang uthe kufanele sidlale indima ekungeneni, ekusabalaliseni nasekucekeleni phansi isayensi nobuchwepheshe ukuze sinikeze umthombo owengeziwe, ukwesekwa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nendawo entsha yokukhula yentuthuko yezinga eliphezulu. Isayensi nobuchwepheshe kunomsebenzi "wokwenza izinto zibe yize", futhi ubuchwepheshe obusha buzoqhuba izimboni ezintsha.
Okokuqala, isayensi nobuchwepheshe kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni ezisafufusa. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusafufusa njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa, idatha enkulu, i-blockchain kanye nokuxhumana kwe-quantum sekusheshisiwe, futhi imikhiqizo emisha namafomethi afana namatheminali ahlakaniphile, i-telemedicine kanye nemfundo ye-inthanethi iye yatshalwa. Izinga lomnotho wedijithali waseShayina lingelesibili emhlabeni. Ukuphumelela kwezobuchwepheshe kuvule amaphuzu athile okuvimbela izimboni ezisafufusa zaseChina. Isilinganiso se-solar photovoltaic, amandla omoya, isibonisi esisha, ukukhanya kwe-semiconductor, indawo yokugcina amandla ethuthukisiwe nezinye izimboni nazo zifika kuqala emhlabeni.
Okwesibili, isayensi nobuchwepheshe bukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zendabuko. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe "ezintathu ezivundlile neziqondile ezintathu" sekwakhe uhlelo olusha oluphelele lwezimoto zamandla amasha e-China, futhi umthamo wokukhiqiza nokuthengisa ubekwe kuqala emhlabeni iminyaka eyisikhombisa ilandelana. Ngokusekelwe ekunikezeni amandla aseShayina asekelwe emalahleni, sheshisa ucwaningo nentuthuko ekusetshenzisweni kwamalahle ngendlela ephumelelayo nehlanzekile. Iminyaka engu-15 ilandelana, inkampani iye yafaka ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla obusebenza kahle kakhulu be-megawatt ultra supercritical high-efficiency. Isilinganiso esincane sokusetshenziswa kwamalahle ekunikezeni amandla amandla singafinyelela ku-264 amagremu nge-kilowatt ngehora, okungaphansi kakhulu kunesilinganiso sikazwelonke kanye nezinga eliphezulu lomhlaba wonke. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe kanye nephrojekthi yemiboniso seyenziwe yaduma ezweni lonke, ibalwa ku-26% wesamba esifakiwe samandla aphehlwa ngamalahle.
Okwesithathu, isayensi nobuchwepheshe basekela ukwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi amakhulu. Iphrojekthi yokudlulisa amandla e-UHV, inethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke yesathelayithi yokuzulazula yase-Beidou kanye nokusebenza kwesitimela esinesivinini esikhulu i-Fuxing konke kuqhutshwa impumelelo enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukuthuthukiswa okuyimpumelelo kweplatifomu yokumba "yolwandle olujulile No. 1" kanye nophawu lwalo olusemthethweni lokukhiqiza ukuthi ukuhlola nokuthuthukiswa kukawoyela wase-China kungene enkathini yamanzi ajulile angamamitha ayi-1500.
Okwesine, isayensi nobuchwepheshe kuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwamabhizinisi. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamabhizinisi kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe bekulokhu kukhuphuka, okubalelwa ngaphezu kwama-76% otshalomali lwe-R & D lomphakathi wonkana. Ingxenye yezindleko zebhizinisi ze-R & D kanye nokudonswa kwemali inyuke isuka ku-50% ngo-2012 kanye nama-75% ngo-2018 yaya ku-100% yamabhizinisi amanje amancane naphakathi nendawo kanye namabhizinisi okukhiqiza asekelwe kubuchwepheshe. Inani lamabhizinisi kazwelonke obuchwepheshe obuphezulu linyuke lisuka ku-49000 ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi edlule laya ku-330000 ngo-2021. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R & D kubala u-70% wokutshalwa kwezimali kwamabhizinisi kazwelonke. Intela ekhokhiwe inyukile isuka ku-0.8 trillion ngo-2012 yaya ku-2.3 trillion ngo-2021. Phakathi kwamabhizinisi asohlwini lweSayensi ne-Innovation Board ye-Shanghai Stock Exchange kanye ne-Beijing stock exchange, amabhizinisi obuchwepheshe obuphezulu abalwe ngaphezu kwama-90%.
Okwesihlanu, isayensi nobuchwepheshe bukhuthaza ukusungulwa nokuthuthuka kwesifunda. I-Beijing, i-Shanghai, i-Guangdong, i-Hong Kong, i-Macao kanye nendawo ye-Great Bay zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuholeni nasekuvezeni izinto ezintsha. Utshalomali lwabo lwe-R & D lungaphezu kuka-30% yenani lonke lezwe. U-70% no-50% yenani lenkontileka yemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe e-Beijing nase-Shanghai athunyelwa kwezinye izindawo, ngokulandelana. Lena indima eyisibonelo yemisebe emaphakathi ekushayeleni. Izindawo ezingu-169 zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu seziqoqe amabhizinisi angaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezwe lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Ukukhiqizwa komsebenzi ngomuntu ngamunye kuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2.7 kunesilinganiso sikazwelonke, futhi isibalo sabafundi abaphothule ekolishi sibalelwa ku-9.2% wesamba sezwe lonke. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-April kulo nyaka, imali engenayo yokusebenza kweNdawo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kazwelonke ibingama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-13.7, okuwukunyuka ngo-7.8% unyaka nonyaka, okubonisa umfutho omuhle wokukhula.
Okwesithupha, ukuhlakulela amakhono asezingeni eliphezulu kwezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe. Amathalente aqinile nesayensi nobuchwepheshe yisisekelo semboni eqinile, umnotho kanye nezwe, namandla okushayela ahlala njalo kanye namandla aphambili aphambili ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Sinamathisela ukubaluleka okukhulu endimeni yamathalenta njengesisetshenziswa sokuqala, futhi sivumbulula, sihlakulele futhi sikhulise amathalente ekusebenzeni kokusungula. Inani elikhulu lezisebenzi zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ezivelele zenze imizamo engapheli yokubhekana nezinkinga ezinzima, futhi ziye zadabula inombolo yobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obufana nendizamkhathi ephethwe umuntu, ukuzulazula ngesathelayithi kanye nokuhlola olwandle olujulile. Ngemva nje kokwethulwa ngempumelelo kwe-Shenzhou 14, ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi sethu sasemkhathini kuzongenisa inkathi entsha. Iphinde yasungula amabhizinisi amaningi ahamba phambili kwezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe anokuncintisana namanye amazwe, enza umnikelo obalulekile ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezibalulekile zesayensi kanye nezingqinamba ekuthuthukisweni komnotho nezenhlalakahle.
U-Wangzhigang uthe isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukusheshisa ukuqiniswa kocwaningo oluyisisekelo, ukuhlelwa okudidiyelwe kokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe, kuqinise nakakhulu isikhundla esiyinhloko sokusungulwa kwebhizinisi, ukudala izinzuzo ezintsha zentuthuko nokudala injini entsha yentuthuko yezinga eliphezulu. .
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-06-2022